@conference {2225,
	title = {Beyond extractivism: Debates and Practices around Post-Extractivism~ in Latin America},
	booktitle = {Fourth International Conference on Degrowth for Ecological Sustainability and Social Equity},
	year = {2014},
	address = {Leipzig},
	abstract = {Special Session: Beyond extractivism: Debates and Practices around Post-Extractivism~ in Latin America Organizer and Chair: Dr. Kristina Dietz Key words: extractivism, neocolonialism, redistribution, ecological costs Summary: Extractivism is a mode of accumulation that started more than 500 years ago. In Latin America, it has transited from its colonial form through a neoliberal form to the actual mainly post-neoliberal form, which includes a limited redistribution of the benefits obtained by the State from exploitation and exportation of resources. This actual modality, implemented in most South American countries, is called neo-extractivism. The State plays a more important role, and poverty is slightly reduced in numbers, but the subordination of the economies to the dynamics of the world market and thus their vulnerability persists {\textendash} reinforcing neo-colonial relationships at the international level. There are no structural reforms in order to deepen redistribution of wealth. The existing institutions are not able to cope with the ecological and social costs that are generated by the extractivist activities. The path to exit extractivism with its political and economical, social and ecological consequences definitely must imply the planned degrowth of extractivist activities and its substitution by alternative economical activities. But this change may only be possible in terms of a global shift towards a new universal logic which aims at maintaining the conditions for humanity to live.},
	author = {Alberto Acosta}
}
@conference {2226,
	title = {Post-Extracivism and De-Growth: Two Sides of the Same Perspective?},
	booktitle = {Fourth International Conference on Degrowth for Ecological Sustainability and Social Equity},
	year = {2014},
	address = {Leipzig},
	abstract = {Special Session: Post-Extracivism and De-Growth: Two Sides of the Same Perspective? Organizer and Chair: Dr. Karin Gabbert, Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Key words: growth, extractivism, economy, nature, sustainability Summary: Imagining an economy beyond growth is one of the great challenges of our times, to prevent a social and environmental debacle which could threaten humanity itself. There is a correspondence between debates on degrowth in the global north and postextractivism in the global south, as the sustainability limits of the planet are being reached. Nonetheless, the issue of inequality cannot be ignored in these debates. IN the global South, growth must be differentiated into {\textquotedblleft}good and bad growth{\textquotedblright}, as Manfred Max Neef states, taking into account real social needs. The global South must seek sustainable life options that are not a mere caricaturesque copy of western/northern lifestyle. As important steps in this direction, Nature must be de-commodified and economy subordinated to ecology. Economy must be rethought giving back to production its material significance and breaking with the epistemology of mere value. Extractivism follows the logic of growth which is part of the {\textquotedblleft}genetic code{\textquotedblright} of today{\textquoteright}s economic system, programmed to grow or die, as Enrique Leff says. It is not only promoted by neoliberal political forces in Latin America, but also by progressive governments.},
	author = {Alberto Acosta}
}
